.de

Introduced	1986
TLD type	Country code top-level domain
Status	Active
Registry	DENIC
Sponsor	DENIC eG
Intended use	Entities connected with  Germany
Actual use	Very popular in Germany
Registered domains	15,090,458 (June 2012)[1]
Registration restrictions	Must have administrative contact resident in Germany
Structure	May register at second level
Dispute policies	DISPUTE-Entries
Website	denic.de
DNSSEC	yes

.de is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Federal Republic of Germany. DENIC (the Network Information Centre responsible for .de domains) does not require specific second-level domains, as it is the case with the .uk domain range which require .co.uk domain for example.

The name is based on the first two letters of the German name for Germany (Deutschland). Prior to 1989, East Germany had a separate ISO 3166-1 code (dd), and had a never delegated ccTLD, .dd.

.de is currently the most popular ccTLD in terms of number of registrations with .uk being the second most popular ccTLD and .nl being third. It is second after .com among all TLDs.^[1] The first point of registration for .de domains was at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Dortmund. uni-dortmund.de was among the first registered .de-domains.

.de registrations may be directly ordered from DENIC but it is faster and cheaper to do so via a DENIC member (registrar).

Previously, domain names had to be at least three letters long. There were a few two-letter domains registered before the rule was put in place: db.de (Deutsche Bahn), ix.de (the German computing magazine iX), and hq.de. A fourth domain, bb.de (Bilfinger Berger), was later deregistered. As of 23 October 2009, DENIC allowed the registration of single- and two-letter domains as well as number-only domains.^[2]

Registrations of internationalized domain names are also accepted so that all diacritics of German, many diacritics of other languages and the eszett, ß, may be used.^[3]

In many of the Romance languages, e.g., Spanish, French, Romanian and Portuguese, "de" expresses the genitive of a noun (like "of" in English). This is exploited in domain registrations under the German TLD for romance language webhosts that offer customized sites, like elforo.de (theforum.of), encoding the site name into the URL path, such as elforo.de/wikipedia, meaning theforum.of/Wikipedia. "de" is also a common romanization of the Japanese word for "by" (で), so there is potential for sites to exploit this ("bus.de/ryoko" being travel by bus), but this has not been widely adopted.

References [edit]

External links [edit]

• DENIC
• List of DENIC members
• IANA .de whois information
• DNSSEC in the .de Zone